Currently, timber production and biodiversity of natural forest are decreasing. The Ministry of Forestry has put an effort to improve timber production by applying silviculture system namely as Indonesian Intensive Selective Cutting (TPTII) which includes felling technique, land preparation and tree planting. This paper studies productivity, efficiency and felling cost based on TPTII system applied in one of logging company at East Kalimantan by comparing conventional technique and reduced impact felling technique. Results revealed that felling productivity of the conventional technique ranged from 33.74 – 39.87 m3/hour with an average of 36.24 m3/hour which were higher than those of reduced impact felling technique with variation of 28.30 – 36.23 m3/hour and average of 32.8 m3/hour. Felling efficiency of the conventional technique ranged from 84.03 – 88.2% with an average of 86.56%, which were lower than those of the reduced impact felling with variation of 88.75–90.12%, average of 89.36%. Felling cost of the conventional felling technique ranged from Rp1,712 – Rp2,023/m3 with an average of Rp1,8936/m3, lower than those of reduced impact felling technique which varied from Rp1,884 – Rp2,412/m3, and average of Rp2,104/m3. The reduced impact felling technique caused lower felling productivity, however it also improved felling cost and increased felling efficiency. The reduced impact felling could increase benefit as much as Rp321.57 million in a year.

In Indonesia, Gyrinops is one important genera of agarwood producing trees, which is relatively slow growth. Stimulant addition is one possible way to enhance agarwood tree growth by improving the physiology activity. This paper studies the effect of charcoal and liquid smoke addition into the Gyrinops sp. seedling growth. Wood charcoal at various portion of 10%, 20% and 30%, and liquid smoke of 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% were added separately into seedling media. The charcoal and liquid smoke were made from mixed wood waste of sengon (Falcataria moluccana) and rubber wood (Hevea brasiliensis). Results showed that in general wood charcoal and liquid smoke addition improves Gyrinops seedling growth. The addition of 4% liquid smoke addition enhanced Gyrinops’s seedling growth as indicated by seedling height and diameter increments. In conclusion, wood charcoal and liquid smoke are two potential organic materials for seedling growth improvement.

Rattan is a lignocellulose plant that can be used for furmiture and other handicraft product. Quality and characteristics of the rattan species should be identified to comply with their utilization purposes. This research aimed to study the quality classification of 11 less used rattan species from Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Sumatera based on their physical properties (density) and mechanical properties (bending strength). The testing method applied was modified from ASTM D143-94. This modification was carried out because the formula used in ASTM is for square cross-section while rattan has cylindrical cross-section. The study of 11 species of rattan, based on the physical and mechanical properties, showed that three species of rattan from Kalimantan were classified in to class II – I (Calamus lobbianus), class III (Daemonorops fissa) and class IV – III (C. marginatus), while the three species of rattan from Sulawesi were grouped in to class I (C. robinsonianus), class II (C. scleracanthus) and class II – III (C. mindorensis). The remaining five species of rattan from Sumatera were categorized in class I – II (C. rugosus), class II – I (C. spectatissimus), class I – III (D. longipes), class II – III (D. verticillaris), and class III (D. sepal). These results could be used as a consideration for utilization of high quality rattan for furniture material that hold heavy load while low quality rattan may be used for holding light load only.

Currently, timber trade requires that wood products must come from legally and responsibly managed forests. In Indonesia, to prove that wood products are legal if they are equipped with Legitimate Certificate of Forest Product, V-legal mark and electronic label in the form of Barcode. One method of proving wood origin in timber harvesting is log tracking method through labeling. This study examines the accuracy of log tracking in a Timber Forest Product Enterprise of Natural Forest (IUPHHK-HA) PT. Sumalindo Lestari Jaya II in Mahakam Ulu District, East Kalimantan Province. The log tracking was accomplished by tracking the comformity between wood documents in production result report (LHP), the numbered tree label attached on the stump till the cruising result report (LHC) document. Methods of sampling of LHP wood documents were conducted purposively through sample plots in three different felling sites. Results showed that timber traceability based on the LHP document to the tree number label attached on the tree stump wae 100%. However the level of log traceability from LHP documents to LHC documents ranges from 85.7–100% with average of 96.2%. Mismatch information between timber documents on LHP, the stump and LHC was mainly caused by wrong group of wood species and tree diameter classes.

Timber utilization is mostly affected by wood chemical composition and its natural durability in certain condition. This paper studies chemical composition and under shade natural durability of eight wood species originated from Banten and West Java Provinces. Chemical composition was tested based on Norman and Jenkins’ methods, SNI 14- 0492-1989 and SNI 14-1032-1989 and the wood natural durability test was conducted outdoor under the shade. Result shows that in general wood chemical composition of eight wood species tested is approximately in average of those in broad leaf trees. Among the wood samples studied, the highest holocellulose content was recorded from baros wood (Michelia champaca L.) which was about 75.64% and the lowest holocellulose content was recorded from pasang taritih wood (Lithocarpus elegans Blume Hatus ex Supadmo) which was about 60.19%. In term of lignin content, the highest percentage was recorded from pasang taritih wood, which was about 35.14% and it is comparable with those of ki hiyang (Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth.) wood, which was about 25.35%. The greatest extractive content was recorded from tarisi wood (Albizia lebbeck (L) Benth), which was about 7.9%, while extractive content nemely tangkalang wood (Litsea roxburghii Hassk) falled into 1.54%. Under the shade durability test showed pasang taritih wood performed second class durability (class II), while the other seven wood species of tarisi, ki hiyang, hanja, cerei, tangkalang, baros, and kapinango were extremly non durable (class V).

Oil palm trunk is lower in dimensional stability, density, physical, and mechanical properties than other wood species. Efforts to overcome the weakness of the oil palm trunk properties could be conducted through densification with hot pressing and chemical adhesive addition. This paper studies optimum composition of Tannin Resorcinol Formaldehyde (TRF) in its application for improving the quality of oil palm trunk. The tannins were water extracted at 75°C and further copolymerized with resorcinol and formaldehyde. TRF was studied through functional group analysis using infrared spectroscopy and cristallinity test using X-ray diffraction. The TRF adhesive was applied through compregnation process. Results showed that reactivity of tannins in bark of Acacia mangium was 65.82%, the optimum adhesive composition of TRF (v/v) was = 1:0.05:0.05 with solid content of 8.33%, 0.09% free formaldehyde, and the degree of crystallinity was 10.92%. Tannin extract has a specific character on the wave number corresponding to the characteristics possessed by the imported tannin acacia standard. The presence of new functional groups and an increase in absorbance intensity of uptake at several wave numbers through infrared spectroscopy analysis on TRF as well as compregnated oil palm trunk indicate the occurrence bonds attributted by ether and methylene bridges to TRF and chemical compound on oil palm trunk. Oil palm trunk after compregnation significantly increased its density by 104.61%, hardness became 6 fold, and decreased the thickness swell to 85.98%. The oil palm trunk after compregnation also increased in quality from a wood strength class V to a wood strength class III, then, its potential for manufacturing exterior products.